Criticism of Microsoft Wikipedia.Criticism of Microsoft has followed various aspects of its products and business practices.Issues with ease of use, robustness, and security of the companys software are common targets for critics.In the 2. 00. 0s, a number of malware mishaps have targeted security flaws in Microsoft.Windows and other programs.Microsoft was also accused of locking vendors and consumers into their products, and of not following and complying with existing standards in its software.Total cost of ownership comparisons of Linux to Windows are a continuous point of debate.The company has been the subject of numerous lawsuits by several governments and other companies for unlawful monopolistic practices.In 2. 00. 4, the European Union found Microsoft guilty in the European Union Microsoft competition case.Additionally, EULAs for Microsoft programs are often criticized as being too restrictive.Vendor lock ineditFrom its inception, Microsoft defined itself as a platform company and understood the importance of attracting third party programmers.It did so by providing development tools, training, access to proprietary APIs in early versions, and partner programs.Although the resulting ubiquity of Microsoft software allows a user to benefit from network effects, critics and even Microsoft itself decry what they consider to be an embrace, extend and extinguish strategy of adding proprietary features to open standards or their software implementations, thereby using its market dominance to gain unofficial ownership of standards extended in this way.Microsoft software is also presented as a safe choice for IT managers purchasing software systems.In an internal memo for senior management Microsofts head of C development, Aaron Contorer, stated 9The Windows API is so broad, so deep, and so functional that most Independent Software Vendors would be crazy not to use it.And it is so deeply embedded in the source code of many Windows apps that there is a huge switching cost to using a different operating system instead.If you have been reading blogs for any amount of time, you are bound to come across a bunting banner or two.Or 100. They are an adorable way to add color and.It is this switching cost that has given the customers the patience to stick with Windows through all our mistakes, our buggy drivers, our high TCO total cost of ownership, our lack of a sexy vision at times, and many other difficulties.Customers constantly evaluate other desktop platforms, but it would be so much work to move over that they hope we just improve Windows rather than force them to move.In short, without this exclusive franchise called the Windows API, we would have been dead a long time ago.More recently, Microsoft had their OOXML specification approved by the ISO standards body in a manner consistent with previous attempts to control standards.Copyright enforcementeditWhen Microsoft discovered that its first product, Altair BASIC, was subject to widespread unauthorized copying, Microsoft founder Bill Gates wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists that openly accused many hobbyists of stealing software.Gates letter provoked many responses, with some hobbyists objecting to the broad accusation, and others supporting the principle of compensation.This disagreement over whether software should be proprietary continues into the present day under the banner of the free software movement, with Microsoft characterizing free software released under the terms of the GPL as being potentially viral1.How To Make A Banner On Microsoft Word 2007' title='How To Make A Banner On Microsoft Word 2007' />August 2010 When I went to work for Yahoo after they bought our startup in 1998, it felt like the center of the world.It was supposed to be the next big thing.Word Macros The Benefits, information about the macro recorder, assigning a keyboard shortcut, copying macro code from a trustworthy source, and modifying,renaming.GNU General Public License itself as a viral license which infects proprietary software and forces its developer to have to release proprietary source to the public.The Halloween documents, internal Microsoft memos which were leaked to the open source community beginning in 1.Microsoft employees perceive open source software in particular, Linux as a growing long term threat to Microsofts position in the software industry.The Halloween documents acknowledged that parts of Linux are superior to the versions of Microsoft Windows available at the time, and outlined a strategy of de commoditizeing protocols applications.Microsoft stated in its 2.Annual Report that it was a defendant in at least 3.The companys litigation expenses for April 2.March 2. 00. 7 exceed 4.Another concern of critics is that Microsoft may be using the distribution of shared source software to harvest names of developers who have been exposed to Microsoft code, as some believe that these developers could someday be the target of lawsuits if they were ever to participate in the development of competing products.This issue is addressed in published papers from several organizations including the American Bar Association and the Open Source Initiative.Starting in the 1.Microsoft was accused of maintaining hidden or secret APIs interfaces to its operating system software that it deliberately keeps undocumented to gain a competitive advantage in its application software products.Microsoft employees have consistently denied this 2.Microsoft routinely reverse engineered DOS and 1.Windows without any inside help, creating legacy support problems that far exceeded any alleged benefit to Microsoft.In response to court orders, Microsoft has published interfaces between components of its operating system software, including components like Internet Explorer, Active Directory, and Windows Media that sell as part of Windows but compete with application software.Licensing agreementseditA common complaint2.Windows without a copy of Windows pre installed and without paying extra for the license either so that another operating system can be used or because a license was already acquired elsewhere, such as through the MSDN Academic Alliance program.Microsoft encourages original equipment manufacturers OEMs to supply computers with Windows pre installed2.Because the price of the license varies depending on discounts given to the OEM and because there is no similar computer that the OEM offers without Windows, there is no immediate way to find the size of the refund.In 2. 00. 9, Microsoft stated that it has always charged OEMs about 5.Windows license on a 1,0.While it is possible to obtain a computer with no or free operating systems,3.Microsoft Windows with the majority of the personal computers in their ranges.The claimed increase in the price of a computer resulting from the inclusion of a Windows license has been called the Windows tax or Microsoft tax by opposing computer users.The Findings of Fact in the United States Microsoft antitrust case of 1.One of the ways Microsoft combats piracy is by advising OEMs that they will be charged a higher price for Windows unless they drastically limit the number of PCs that they sell without an operating system pre installed.In 1. 99. 8, all major OEMs agreed to this restriction.Microsoft also once assessed license fees based on the number of computers an OEM sold, regardless of whether a Windows license was included Microsoft was forced to end this practice due to a consent decree.In 2. 01. 0, Microsoft stated that its agreements with OEMs to distribute Windows are nonexclusive, and OEMs are free to distribute computers with a different operating system or without any operating system.Microsoft does not provide refunds for Windows licenses sold through an OEM, including licenses that come with the purchase of a computer or are pre installed on a computer.According to Microsofts End User License Agreement for Windows 7 the ability to receive a refund for the operating system is determined by the hardware manufacturer 3.By using the software, you accept these terms.If you do not accept them, do not use the software.Instead, contact the manufacturer or installer to determine its return policy.You must comply with that policy, which might limit your rights or require you to return the entire system on which the software is installed.Microsoft Software License Terms Windows 7 Professional.Acer Inc. has a policy of requiring the customer to return items at his or her own expense, and the balance received by the customer can be as low as 3.In other cases, vendors have asked that customers requesting refunds sign non disclosure agreements.Older versions of Microsoft Windows had different license terms with respect to the availability of a refund for Windows 3.By using the software, you accept these terms.If you do not accept them, do not use the software.How To Become A Hacker.Copyright 2. 00. Eric S.Raymond. Revision History.Revision 1. 5. 00.October 2. 01. 7esr.Link to Things Every Hacker Once Knew.Mention USB stick.Mant updated translation links.Revision 1. 5. 01.July 2. 01. 5esr.Added link to Lets Go Larval.Revision 1. 4. 92.November 2. 01. 4esr.Added link to How To Learn Hacking.Revision 1. 4. 81.June 2. 01. 4esr.Revision 1. 4. 72.May 2. 01. 4esr. Fix up various stale links.Join a hackerspace Revision 1.Sep 2. 01. 3esr. Add micropatronage explanation and gittip link.Why you should not ask me for advice on how to get started.Revision 1. 4. 51.May 2. 01. 3esr. Open Solaris isnt, and Unity screwed the pooch.Revision 1. 4. 42.May 2. 01. 2esr. Updated the critique of Java.Revision 1. 4. 30.Feb 2. 01. 1esr. Python passed Perl in popularity in 2.Revision 1. 4. 22.Oct 2. 01. 0esr. Added Historical note.Revision 1. 4. 03 Nov 2.Link fixes. Revision 1.Aug 2. 00. 8esr. Link fixes.Revision 1. 3. 88 Jan 2.Deprecate Java as a language to learn early.Revision 1. 3. 74 Oct 2.Recommend Ubuntu as a Unix distro for newbies.As editor of the Jargon.File and author of a few other well known documents of similar.I often get email requests from enthusiastic network newbies.I learn to be a wizardly hacker.Back in. 1. 99. 6 I noticed that there didnt seem to be any other FAQs or web.I started this. one.A lot of hackers now consider it definitive, and I.Still, I dont claim to be the exclusive.If you are reading a snapshot of this document offline, the.Note there is a list of Frequently Asked.Questions at the end of this document.Please read. thesetwicebefore mailing me any questions about this.Numerous translations of this document are available.Arabic. Belorussian.Bulgarian. Chinese.Danish. Dutch. Estonian.French. German. Greek.Hungarian. Japanese.Lithuanian. Norwegian.Persian. Polish. Portuguese.Romanian. Spanish.Note that since this document changes occasionally, they may be out of.The five dots in nine squares diagram that decorates this.It is a simple. pattern with some surprising properties in a mathematical simulation.I think it makes a good.Read more about the glider emblem here.If you find this document valuable, please support me on Patreon.And. consider also supporting other hackers who have produced code that you.Lots of small but continuing donations add up quickly.The Jargon. File contains a bunch of definitions of the term hacker.If you want to know how to.There is a community, a shared culture, of expert programmers.ARPAnet. experiments.The members of this culture originated the term.Hackers built the Internet.Hackers made the.Unix operating system what it is today.Hackers make the World Wide.Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to.The hacker mind set is not confined to this software hacker.There are people who apply the hacker attitude to other.Software hackers recognize.But in the rest of this document we will focus on the skills and.There is another group of people who loudly call themselves.These are people mainly adolescent males who.Real hackers call these people crackers and.Real hackers mostly think crackers are.Unfortunately, many.The basic difference is this hackers build things, crackers.If you want to be a hacker, keep reading.If you want to be a cracker.And thats all Im going to say about.Hackers solve problems and build things, and they believe in freedom.To be accepted as a hacker, you have to.And to. behave as though you have the attitude, you have to really believe the.But if you think of cultivating hacker attitudes as just a way.Becoming. the kind of person who believes these things is important for.As with all creative arts, the most effective way to.Or, as the following modern Zen poem has it To follow the path look to the master,follow the master,walk with the master,see through the master,become the master.So, if you want to be a hacker, repeat the following things until.The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved.Being a hacker is lots of fun, but its a kind of fun that takes.The effort takes motivation.Successful athletes get.Similarly, to be a hacker you have to get a basic thrill from solving.If you arent the kind of person that feels this way naturally, youll.Otherwise youll. You also have to develop a kind of faith in your own learning.No problem should ever have to be solved twice.Creative brains are a valuable, limited resource.They shouldnt be.To behave like a hacker, you have to believe that the thinking time of.Note, however, that No problem should ever have to be solved.Often, we learn a lot about the problem that we didnt. Download Printer Driver Canon Mf3010 on this page. Its OK, and. often necessary, to decide that we can do better.Whats not OK is. You dont have to believe that youre obligated to give.Its consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in.Its fine to use your hacking skills to.Boredom and drudgery are evil.Hackers and creative people in general should never be bored or have.This wastefulness hurts everybody.Therefore boredom and drudgery are.To behave like a hacker, you have to believe this enough to want to.There is one apparent exception to this.Hackers will. sometimes do things that may seem repetitive or boring to an observer.But this. is by choice nobody who can think should ever be forced into a.Hackers are naturally anti authoritarian.Anyone who can give you.So the. authoritarian attitude has to be fought wherever you find it, lest.This isnt the same as fighting all authority.Children need to be.A hacker may agree to accept some.But thats a limited, conscious.Authoritarians thrive on censorship and secrecy.And they. distrust voluntary cooperation and information sharing they.So to behave. like a hacker, you have to develop an instinctive hostility to.And you have to be willing to act on that.Attitude is no substitute for competence.To be a hacker, you have to develop some of these attitudes.But. copping an attitude alone wont make you a hacker, any more than it.Becoming a hacker.Therefore, you have to learn to distrust attitude and respect.Hackers wont let posers waste their time.Competence at demanding skills that.If you revere competence, youll enjoy developing it in yourself.That attitude is vital to becoming a.The hacker attitude is vital, but skills are even more vital.Attitude is no substitute for competence, and theres a certain basic.This toolkit changes slowly over time as technology creates new skills.For example, it used to include programming.HTML. But. right now it pretty clearly includes the following This, of course, is the fundamental hacking skill.If you dont. know any computer languages, I recommend starting with Python.It is. cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners.Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy it is very.I have. written a more detailed evaluation of.Python. Good tutorials are.Python. web site theres an excellent third party one at Computer Science.Circles. I used to recommend Java as a good language to learn early, but.The Pitfalls of. Java as a First Programming Language within it.A hacker. cannot, as they devastatingly put it approach problem solving.Now I think it is.C and Lisp first, then Java.There is perhaps a more general point here.If a language does too.Its not only languages that have this.Ruby. On. Rails, Cake.PHP, Django. may make it too easy to reach a superficial sort of understanding that.If you get into serious programming, you will have to learn C.Unix. C is very closely related to C if you.Neither language.And, actually. the more you can avoid programming in C the more productive you will.C is very efficient, and very sparing of your machines.Unfortunately, C gets that efficiency by requiring you to.All that low level code is complex and bug prone, and will soak up.With todays machines as.Thus, Python. Other languages of particular importance to hackers include.Perl and LISP. Perl is worth.Perl. you should learn to read it.Many people use Perl in the way I.Python, to avoid C programming on jobs that.Cs machine efficiency.You will need to be able.LISP is worth learning for a different reason the.That experience will make you a better programmer for the rest of.LISP itself a lot.You can. get some beginning experience with LISP fairly easily by writing and.Emacs text editor, or Script Fu.
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